Load Frequency Controller Design Based on the Direct Synthesis Approach Using a 2DoF-IMC Scheme for a Multi-Area Power System

To maintain reliable and sustainable power supply, the frequency should be kept constant under varying load conditions. The two degrees of freedom internal model control (2DoF-IMC) scheme is a robust technique efficient for load-disturbance rejection problems in industrial process control. asymmetry IMC compared to other methods regarding controller design that it does not guarantee stability system by itself but based on controlled system. For less-stable unstable systems, therefore usually supplemented with an additional controller, establishing overall design. In this manuscript, load-frequency-regulation problem was investigated using 2DoF-IMC single-area as well multi-area scheme, controllers are used set-point response separately. designed through (IMC) principle, whereas via direct-synthesis (DS) approach. DS approach, closed-loop transfer function matched desired disturbance-rejection approximated at very low-frequency point obtain proportional–derivative (PD) parameter. simulation results proposed method provide satisfactory performance load-frequency (LFC) extended two-area four-area systems. effect non-linearity, such generation rate constraint (GRC), establish efficacy method. A random step loading pattern also considered confirm robustness comparatively better than recently reported work.